4/05/2009

Hugo: 未來東亞大陸民主與自由革命的黃金律

未來的東亞大陸民主與自由革命,如果沒有“奠基在耶穌基督道德理念的個體主義(Individualism)與自由主義(Liberalism) ”的本質,如果沒有“奠基在《十誡》絕對道德理念的個體主義(Individualism)與自由主義(Liberalism) ”的內涵,那它將是東亞大陸一場“大規模邁向集體主義的新專制與奴隸文化活動”!”

基於“漢文化、漢價值觀、漢文字、漢語言”裡所包藏的“罪惡、謊言、暴力、專制、奴隸、仇恨、權謀詭詐、坑矇拐騙、假大空、等級、差序位格、崇古、追求權力名位價值、追求世俗化價值、明哲保身、逃避道德責任、相對主義、相對道德主義、功利主義、虛無主義、種族集體主義、種族沙文主義、種族統治中心主義、種族化主義、種族帝國主義、種族大一統主義、種族軍國主義”等病毒意識之巨大威力,未來的東亞大陸民主與自由革命,如果沒有“《聖經》、《美國獨立宣言》、美國自由精神(Spirit of Liberty)、聯合國人權宣言的相關文件”等的道德理念與“全盤用英文字與英語言思考”( The English language shall be the official language of all Independent States and the United States of Asia)為最高的指導原則,那它將是東亞大陸一場“大規模新的人的浩劫、災難與悲劇”!

所謂的《聖經》、《美國獨立宣言》、美國自由精神(Spirit of Liberty)等的道德理念,包含有《基督之愛的典範》(《A Model of Christian Charity》,1630年,John Winthrop,在The Arrabella號船)、《弗吉尼亞殖民地神聖政體和軍隊的條款、法律和規則》(1610年5月和1611年6月間訂立) 、《五月花號公約》(The Mayflower Compact,1620年11月11日)、《維吉尼亞權利法案》(The Virginia Bill of Rights,1776)、《The Plantation Agreement》(John Clarke)、《清教徒法典》(1636年普裏茅斯殖民地人民所製定的)、《康涅狄格基本法》(1639年)、《賓夕法尼亞施政大綱》、《樸次茅斯的神聖協約》(1638年)、《皮斯卡塔韋合約》(《Piscataqua Combination》,係1641年通過的)、《聖城普蘭泰申憲章》(1647年)、《賓夕法尼亞的基本權利憲章》(1707年)、《馬薩諸塞自由憲章》(1641年) 、《聖約的自由》(Federal Liberty)、《Puritan Federalism --Confederacies of Communities》、《南卡羅來納殖民地衆議院選舉體製和選舉方式確定法令》(1721年) 、《普里茅斯合約》(The Plymouth Combination)、《馬薩諸塞憲法》(1780年)、《聯邦黨人文集》、《美國聯邦條款》《邦聯和永久聯合條例》(通稱邦聯條例,1777年大陸會議通過並於1781年核準生效)、《美利堅合衆國憲法》、《美國權利法案》(美國國會於1789年 9月25日通過10條憲法修正案,作爲美國憲法的補充條款,並於1791年12月15日得到當時 9個States核準開始生效)、《美國憲法26條修正案》、《美國立法、行政、司法三權分立的政治》等的重要理念文件。

所謂的聯合國人權宣言的相關文件,包含有《防止及懲治滅絕種族罪公約》(1948年12月9日簽訂於巴黎)、《世界人權宣言》(聯合國大會1948年12月10日通過)、《關於修正1926年9月25日在日內瓦簽訂的禁奴公約的議定書》(聯合國大會1953年10月23日決議通過)、《關於人民與民族的自決權的決議》、《給予殖民地國家和人民獨立宣言》(聯合國大會1960年12月14日通過)、《國際法原則宣言》、《關於自然資源永久主權的決議》(聯合國大會1962年12月14日決議通過)、《消除一切形式種族歧視宣言》(聯合國大會1963年11月20日通過)、《消除一切形式種族歧視國際公約》(1966年3月簽訂於紐約)、《經濟、社會和文化權利國際公約》(聯合國大會1966年12月16日通過)、《公民權利和政治權利國際公約》(聯合國大會1966年12月16日通過)、《消除一切形式種族歧視宣言》(聯合國大會1963年11月20日通過)、《禁止並懲治種族隔離罪行國際公約》(聯合國大會1973年11月30日通過)、《消除對婦女一切形式歧視公約》(聯合國大會1979年12月18日通過)、《禁止酷刑和其他殘忍、不人道或有辱人格的待遇或處罰公約》(聯合國大會1984年12月10日決議通過)等的重要理念文件。

《聖經》裡,耶穌基督所有的言與行充分地闡釋了“耶穌基督道德理念的個體主義(Individualism)與自由主義(Liberalism) ”的內涵與本質,它也是美國自由精神(Spirit of Liberty)的根源。

1630年,John Winthrop (1588-1649年)在《基督之愛的典範》(《A Model of Christian Charity》)書裡,也部分地闡釋了“耶穌基督道德理念的個體主義(Individualism)與自由主義(Liberalism) ”的概念。

他說,“我們行走在世上有2個很重要的原則-公平和仁慈,在行動和目的上,他們兩個大異其趣,但在每個層面,你卻又可以看到他們出現在相同對象上,在突然的災難中,你可以看到God施予了仁慈給有錢人,在特殊的契約上,你也可以看到God施予了公正給窮人。好像有著雙重的法則在約束我們的言語,也是我們之前談過的層面:自然的法則、恩典的法則、道德的法則、或基督教福音的法則,遺漏到公正的原則是因為他不屬於此類的目的,但在某些特殊的案例中,公正會被列入考量,這些法則的第一條,人要能愛他的鄰居如同愛他自己,道德上的戒律在這世上比比皆是尤其在人與人的交往上,要將這些戒律應用到慈悲上,道德的法則需要2件事,第一,每個人在看見別人遭遇缺乏或災難時,能及時伸出元援手,第二,他也是出於同樣的情感在實踐這個法則,根據我們的救世主馬太所說:『你對待別人的方式,他們也將以相同的方式對待你』,亞伯拉罕和拉特娛樂天使和基比亞的老人,就在實踐這個原則。恩典和基督教福音的法則又與前者有些出入,分別這下面己的層面: 第一,自然的法則給予人們無邪的資產,福音的法則給予人們再生的資產,第二,前者以考慮人為優先,每個人都是God的肉身和意像,基督教福音卻認為人是God的兄弟,共享了他的靈魂,教導我們基督教徒有別於其他人,對所有人好,特別是同一信仰的人,在這個基礎下,以色列人就知道同族的兄弟和非迦南人的陌生人是不一樣的,第三,自然的法則對敵人的對待沒有規範,在無邪的原則下,每個人都是朋友,基督教福音要求要愛你的敵人,馬太福音5.44:假使你的敵人餓了,就給他東西吃吧,愛你的敵人,就算他們恨你,你也要對他們好。基督教福音提出了理由和場合的不同,有一段時間基督教徒要賣出和給予窮人東西,就像耶穌12門徒所做的一樣,也有一段時間基督徒(雖然他們沒有給予所有)要竭盡所能的給予,像在馬其頓‧歌林多書2.8的他們一樣,當大眾遭遇危險時,需要心胸寬大,所以大眾必須為教堂做些特殊的服務,最後,我們的基督教兄弟陷於災難無法自拔,我們一定要盡我們所能幫助他,而非藉助上帝的神蹟。”

有關於《聖約的自由》(或稱聯邦式自由,Federal Liberty;1645年,John Winthrop)所闡釋的理念,就是美國自由精神(Spirit of Liberty)的本質,這是許多“人文的個體主義與自由主義學者”所不能完全理解的概念;1645年,John Winthrop演講(On Liberty)時曾說,“I suppose something may be expected from me, upon this charge that is befallen me which moves me to speak now to you; yet I intend not to intermeddle in the proceedings of the court or with any of the persons concerned therein. Only I bless God that I see an issue of this troublesome business. I also acknowledge the justice of the court, and, for mine own part, I am well satisfied, I was publicly charged, and I am publicly and legally acquitted, which is all I did expect or desire. And though this be sufficient for my justification before men, yet not so before the God, who hath seen so much amiss in my dispensations (and even in this affair) as calls me to be humble. For to be publicly and criminally charged in this court is matter of humiliation (and I desire to make a right use of it), notwithstanding I be thus acquitted. If her father had spit in her face (saith the Lord concerning Miriam), should she not have been ashamed seven days? Shame had lien upon her, whatever the occasion had been. I am unwilling to stay you from your urgent affairs, yet give me leave (upon this special occasion) to speak a little more to this assembly. It may be of some good use, to inform and rectify the judgments of some of the people, and may prevent such distempers as have arisen amongst us. The great questions that have troubled the country are about the authority of the magistrates and the liberty of the people. It is yourselves who have called us to this office, and, being called by you, we have our authority from God, in way of an ordinance, such as hath the image of God eminently stamped upon it, the contempt and violation whereof hath been vindicated with examples of divine vengeance. I entreat you to consider that, when you choose magistrates, you take them from among yourselves, men subject to like passions as you are. Therefore, when you see infirmities in us, you should reflect upon your own, and that would make you bear the more with us, and not be severe censurers of the failings of your magistrates, when you have continual experience of the like infirmities in yourselves and others. We account him a good servant who breaks not his covenant. The covenant between you and us is the oath you have taken of us, which is to this purpose: that we shall govern you and judge your causes by the rules of God's laws and our own, according to our best skill. When you agree with a workman to build you a ship or house, etc., he undertakes as well for his skill as for his faithfulness, for it is his profession, and you pay him for both. But when you call one to be a magistrate, he doth not profess nor undertake to have sufficient skill for that office, nor can you furnish him with gifts, etc., therefore you must run the hazard of his skill and ability. But if he fail in faithfulness, which by his oath he is bound unto, that he must answer for. If it fall out that the case be clear to common apprehension, and the rule clear also, if he transgress here, the error is not in the skill, but in the evil of the will: it must be required of him. But if the case be doubtful, or the rule doubtful, to men of such understanding and parts as your magistrates are, if your magistrates should err here, yourselves must bear it.
For the other point concerning liberty, I observe a great mistake in the country about that. There is a twofold liberty, natural (I mean as our nature is now corrupt) and civil or federal. The first is common to man with beasts and other creatures. By this, man, as he stands in relation to man simply, hath liberty to do what he lists; it is a liberty to evil as well as to good. This liberty is incompatible and inconsistent with authority and cannot endure the least restraint of the most just authority. The exercise and maintaining of this liberty makes men grow more evil and in time to be worse than brute beasts: omnes sumus licentia deteriores. This is that great enemy of truth and peace, that wild beast, which all of the ordinances of God are bent against, to restrain and subdue it. The other kind of liberty I call civil or federal; it may also be termed moral, in reference to the covenant between God and man, in the moral law, and the politic covenants and constitutions amongst men themselves. This liberty is the proper end and object of authority and cannot subsist without it; and it is a liberty to that only which is good, just, and honest. This liberty you are to stand for, with the hazard (not only of your goods, but) of your lives, if need be. Whatsoever crosseth this is not authority but a distemper thereof. This liberty is maintained and exercised in a way of subjection to authority; it is of the same kind of liberty wherewith Christ hath made us free. The women's own choice makes such a man her husband; yet, being so chosen, he is her lord, and she is to be subject to him, yet in a way of liberty, not of bondage; and a true wife accounts her subjection her honor and freedom and would not think her condition safe and free but in her subjection to her husband's authority. Such is the liberty of the church under the authority of Christ, her king and husband; his yoke is so easy and sweet to her as a bride's ornaments; and if through forwardness or wantonness, etc., she shake it off, at any time, she is at no rest in her spirit, until she take it up again; and whether her lord smiles upon her and embraceth her in his arms, or whether he frowns, or rebukes, or smites her, she apprehends the sweetness of his love in all, and is refreshed, supported, and instructed by every such dispensation of his authority over her. On the other side, ye know who they are that complain of this yoke and say, Let us break their bands, etc.; we will not have this man to rule over us. Even so, brethren, it will be between you and your magistrates. If you want to stand for your natural corrupt liberties, and will do what is good in your own eyes, you will not endure the least weight of authority, but will murmur, and oppose, and be always striving to shake off that yoke; but if you will be satisfied to enjoy such civil and lawful liberties, such as Christ allows you, then will you quietly and cheerfully submit unto that authority which is set over you, in all the administrations of it, for your good. Wherein, if we fail at any time, we hope we shall be willing (by God's assistance) to hearken to good advice from any of you, or in any other way of God; so shall your liberties be preserved in upholding the honor and power of authority amongst you. ”《……此乃一種雙重的自由――本性的自由(Natural Liberty,我意指我們人的自然本性在此時是墮落的)和法定的或聖約的自由。第一種自由乃人類與獸類及其他生物所共有。此刻,僅處於人之狀態下的人有隨心所欲的自由;它是一種既趨向惡亦趨向善的自由。此自由既不尊敬權威也不與其相容,並且絲毫不能忍受最公正權威的約束。固守並運用此自由會使人更加邪惡,最終人比野獸更加狠毒:(OMNES SUMUS LICENTIA DETERIORES)。此乃真理與和平的大敵,最爲野蠻,God的一切法令決意反對、約束並制服它。我稱另一種爲法定的或聖約的自由;它也可能被叫做道德的自由,道德律法中的God與人之間的聖約和人們間政治上的聖約及憲法與它相關。此自由是權威正確的指向與目標,沒有它權威就不能存在。它乃是一種只趨向善良、公正和誠實的自由。你們若堅守這種自由,將在必要時冒(不僅是你們的利益,而且是)你們的生命的風險。阻擋它的不是權威而是對權威的桀敖不馴。此自由乃以一種服從權威的方式來維持和運用;它與基督使我們解放的自由一樣…若你企圖固守你本性中墮落的自由並行那你看爲善的事,我們就絲毫不能承受權威的責任重擔,卻是抱怨、反抗並總圖盡力除去那轭;然而,若你滿意享有基督送予的法定的和合法的自由,那麽你將爲了你的善,平和又高興地在其一切統治中服從那置於你上的權威。》

詹姆士.威爾遜(James. Wilson),也針對John Winthrop與1789年聯邦憲法建議案說,“在考慮…我們面前的這個制度時,有必要提及另一種自由,…聖約的自由(Federal Liberty)。當一個唯一的政府被創建時,組成它的個人將自己本有的獨立的一部分讓渡於它…當一個聯盟共和國被創建時,組成它的各社團將自身政治上自治的一部分讓渡給它…這些States交托給全國性政府並置於此政府中的那部分且是唯一的那部分政治自由,比它仍保留在這些States中將能對整體産生更多的益處。當它們讓與此部分政治自由時,在與聯盟將來預計的整體福利相容共存的範圍內,作爲States它們仍保留自己對其他所有權力自由又充分的行使。”

以上所提供的所有觀點與資料,都是對照於或屬於美國的成功經驗,希望它能夠具體地幫助東亞大陸人思考在後共產時代,如何有效地對抗與消滅“漢文化、漢價值觀、漢文字、漢語言”等的強大病毒?如何有效地建立真正的民主與自由憲政?如何有效地讓東亞大陸成為第二個美利堅合眾國(United States of America, USA)?

邪惡與罪惡的共產黨政權遲早會走進墳墓與滅亡的,任何世界存在過的共產黨政權都是人類歷史極短的篇章,很快就會被未來的人類所翻過;你我這一代人所要考慮的,不僅要堅定承擔人的道德責任“推翻它”,還必須考慮到你我下一代人最佳的選擇方案(全盤學習美利堅合眾國成功的經驗) 。

雖然,你我在有生之年未必能看得見未來的亞洲各獨立國(All Independent States)與亞洲合眾國(The United States of Asia, USA),但是你我應該不存任何害人利己的私心,應該全心努力與勇敢地去工作;並且你我一定要確定你我站在主耶穌基督這一邊,讓主耶穌基督與你我的革命行動隨行,否則僅憑人類有限的智慧與力量,如何可能成功呢?

God bless Asia and Asian!

2009-4-4(Hugo文集,http://hugoliu.blogspot.com/)

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